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The Origin of the Genetic Code (Part 1)

2009-06-14T05:28:00.000-07:00

The Origin of the Genetic Code

(Part 1)

Lutvo Kurić

Independent Researcher

Bosnia and Herzegovina

72290 Novi Travnik

Kalinska 7

Tel. 00387 61 763 917

lutvokuric@yahoo.com

Abstract

We occupy ourselves with the multi disciplinarian research of phenomena in science and religion. In our research we use some newly-discovered scientific methods the contemporary science is unaware of. These methods have proved very effective, and have thus enabled us to, with God's help, discover some of the secrets about the creation of the Life. Broader public should especially be interested in the following discoveries:

We have discovered that the sublime God created our genes using His Divine program, cybernetic and information systems and laws. In fact, we have discovered that the God's project for creation of the Life does exist. That project has an alphabet comprised of numerous divine and analogue codes. The sublime God uses these codes to interconnect the atoms and molecules in our genes. He connects them so that it becomes obvious that our genes was really created, and moreover by the Sensible Creator. We discovered these codes in the structure of chemical elements, in biochemical processes, in our genes and all the other phenomena in genetic. Divine codes we discovered in nature testify and confirm the fact that the Life was created. They testify and confirm that it was created by the Sensible Creator.

In our papers you will not find philosophical observations about existence of God. You will find exact scientific evidences for existence of God, that nobody can deny. We will present you exact scientific proves that there is God's project for creation of our genes. We will show concretely how does that project looks like. We will present you exact scientific proves that God really exist, that world was created, that we were created and we have our Creator.

Introduction

After the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule, there were many attempts to find the link between the 4-letter code A,T,C,G and the 20-letter code of amino acids, unfortunately without succes. The science did not succeed in discovering the link between these two codes. At that time Francis Crick had an interesting idea which could possibly solve the problem. He did the following – he eliminated all the 3-letter words from the 4-letter code ATCG, since these words could misread if started from a wrong position. After doing that, he discovered that the 4-letter code ATCG gives 20-letter amino acid alphabet. In fact, he got the hypothetical Crick's code "without comma". However, soon after that Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaei decoded the 3-letter word UUU, so Crick's theory was discarded. It was even stated that this theory was the greatest wrong theory in the histoory. We also tried to solve that scientific problem. It seemed logical that there must be some mathematical link between the 4-letter code ATCG and the 20-letter code of amino acids. We carried out many experiments, and results of our research prove that Crick was right, since we found out that there really i san exact mathematical link that connects ATCG and amino acid alphabet.

Methods

The genetic code tables used by the modern science are characterized and determined by principles of biochemistry. However, if in those tables, instead of the UCAG nucleotides we put the number of atoms of those nucleotides, we will get the new tables of the genetic code characterized and determined by God’s programmatic and information principles. Therefore, biochemistry can be explained through a phenomenon out of biochemistry. Particularly interesting results we will get when determining numeric values for the information content of atoms and molecules. We will then find out that those values express physical and chemical characteristics of molecules. For example: in a DNA molecule, the polynucleotide chains are connected through an exact cyber-information connections. In those molecules there are also mathematical matrixes of DNA, represented by the number of atoms of four ATCG bases. These matrixes determine the positioning of nucleotides in that molecule. With this, the biological particularities of DNA are determined. Similar mathematical matrixes determine the positioning of nucleotides in the RNA molecule. In the amino acid proteins, they are interconnected into the respective mathematical chains. In those chains are also matrixes where particular mathematical principles apply, the principles that determine the positioning of each amino acid in the chain.

Results

The herewith discussed research results show that the process of sequencing in bio-macromolecules is conditioned and determined not only through biochemical, but also through God’s cybernetic information principles.

We would particularly like to stress here that the genetic, as well as biochemical information in a broader sense of the word, is determined and characterized by very complex God’s cybernetic and information principles. The constantans in those principles are: the number of atoms and molecules, atomic numbers, atomic weight, physical and chemical parameters, even and odd values, codes and analogue codes, standard deviations, frequencies, primary and secondary values, and many other things. How functioning of biochemistry is determined through cybernetic information principles, will be discussed further in this text.

We will present you exact scientific proves that there is God's project for creation of the Genetic Code. We will show concretely how does that project looks like. We will present you exact scientific proves that God really exist, that species of organism in nature was created, that we were created and we have our Creator.

The God's Genetic Code (DNA)

At the first stage of our research we replaced nucleotides from the Genetic Code (DNA) with numbers of the atoms in those nucleotides.

A = 15 atoms; T = 15 atoms; C = 13 atoms; G = 16 atoms;

ATCG = (15 + 15 + 13 + 16) = 59 atoms;

Mathematical position of the nucleotides ATGC

13,16,15=44	Arg	15,15,15=45	Phe	15,15,15=45	Tyr	16,13,15=44	Ala
13,16,13=42	Arg	15,15,13=43	Phe	15,15,13=43	Tyr	16,13,13=42	Ala
13,16,15=44	Arg	15,15,15=45	Leu	15,15,15=45	STOP	16,13,15=44	Ala	708
13,16,16=45	Arg	15,15,16=46	Leu	15,15,16=46	STOP	16,13,16=45	Ala
175		179		179		175
13,15,15=43	Leu	16,15,15=46	Val	13,15,15=43	His	16,15,15=46	Asp
13,15,13=41	Leu	16,15,13=44	Val	13,15,13=41	His	16,15,13=44	Asp
13,15,15=43	Leu	16,15,15=46	Val	13,15,15=43	Gln	16,15,15=46	Glu	708
13,15,16=44	Leu	16,15,16=47	Val	13,15,16=44	Gln	16,15,16=47	Glu
171		183		171		183
15,16,15=46	Cys	15,16,15=46	Ser	15,13,15=43	Ser	15,13,15=43	Thr
15,16,13=44	Cys	15,16,13=44	Ser	15,13,13=41	Ser	15,13,13=41	Thr
15,16,15=46	STOP	15,16,15=46	Arg	15,13,15=43	Ser	15,13,15=43	Thr	708
15,16,16=47	Trp	15,16,16=47	Arg	15,13,16=44	Ser	15,13,16=44	Thr
183		183		171		171
15,15,15=45	Ile	13,13,15=41	Pro	16,16,15=47	Gly	15,15,15=45	Asn
15,15,13=43	Ile	13,13,13=39	Pro	16,16,13=45	Gly	15,15,13=43	Asn
15,15,15=45	Ile	13,13,15=41	Pro	16,16,15=47	Gly	15,15,15=45	Lys	708
15,15,16=46	Met*	13,13,16=42	Pro	16,16,16=48	Gly	15,15,16=46	Lys
179		163		187		179
708		708		708		708		2832

Diagonal 1 = (175+183+171+179) = 708; Diagonal 2 = (175+171+183+179) =708;

Sum ATGC = 2832 atoms;

In this example, the mathematical balance in the distribution of atoms is achieved.

The God's Genetic Code (RNA)

A = 15 atoms; U = 12 atoms; C = 13 atoms; G = 16 atoms;

AUCG = 56 atoms;

Mathematical position of the nucleotides in codon

Number of atoms
	12,15,12=39;Tyr 12,15,13=40;Tyr 12,15,15=42; X 12,15,16=43; X 164	13,16,12=41; *Arg* 13,16,13=42; *Arg* 13,16,15=44; *Arg* 13,16,16=45; *Arg* 172	16,13,12=41; Ala 16,13,13=42; Ala 16,13,15=44; Ala 16,13,16=45; Ala 172	15,12,12=39; Ile 15,12,13=40; Ile 15,12,15=42; Ile 15,12,16=43; Met 164	672
	12,13,12=37; Ser 12,13,13=38; Ser 12,13,15=40; Ser 12,13,16:41; Ser 156	15,16,12=43; Ser 15,16,13=44; Ser 15,16,15=46; *Arg* 15,16,16=47; *Arg* 180	13,12,12=37; Leu 13,12,13=38; Leu 13,12,15=40; Leu 13,12,16=41; Leu 156	16,15,12=43; Asp 16,15,13=44; Asp 16,15,15=46; Glu 16,15,16=47; Glu 180	672
	12,16,12=40; Cys 12,16,13=41; Cys 12,16,15=43; X 12,16,16=44; Trp 168	13,15,12=40; His 13,15,13=41; His 13,15,15=43; Gln 13,15,16=44: Gln 168	15,13,12=40; Thr 15,13,13=41; Thr 15,13,15=43; Thr 15,13,16=44; Thr 168	16,12,12=40; Val 16,12,13=41; Val 16,12,15=43; Val 16,12,16=44; Val 168	672
	16,16,12=44; Gly 16,16,13=45; Gly 16,16,15=47; Gly 16,16,16=48; Gly 184	12,12,12=36; Phe 12,12,13=37; Phe 12,12,15=39; Leu 12,12,16=40; Leu 152	15,15,12=42; Asn 15,15,13=43; Asn 15,15,15=45; Lys 15,15,16=46; Lys 176	13,13,12=38; Pro 13,13,13=39; Pro 13,13,15=41; Pro 13,13,16=42; Pro 160	672
	672	672	672	672

Diagonal 1 = (164+180+168+160) = 672;

Diagonal 2 = (164+156+168+184) = 672;

In fact, we discovered that the mathematical balance in the distribution of atoms in the genetic code is achieved.

Correlation of the God’s Genetic Codes DNA and RNA

(Sum ATGC : ATGC) = (Sum UCAG : UCAG)

(2832 : 59) = (2688 : 56)

(2832 : 708) = (2688 : 672)

(708 : 59) = (672 : 56)

etc.

Correlation of the RNA Codons and Amino Acids

FLSYCWPHQRIMTNKVADEG = 384 atoms;

[(FLSYCWPHQRIMTNKVADEG) x Code 7] = Sum UCAG = 2688 atoms;

(384 x 7) = 2688 atoms;

Therefore, the herewith discussed research results show that the process of sequencing in bio-macromolecules is conditioned and determined not only through biochemical, but also through God’s cybernetic information principles.

The God's Genetic Code 336

Within the digital pictures in Genetic Code, the physical and chemical parameters are in a strict compliance with programmatic, cybernetic and information principles. As an example, we will here give you the mathematical laws. Those laws determine the positioning of aminoacids in their molecules. Each bar in the protein chain attracts only the corresponding aminoacid, and only the relevant aminoacid can be positioned at certain place in the chain. Each peptide chain can have the exact number of aminoacids necessary to meet the strictly determined mathematical conditioning. It can have as many atoms as necessary to meet the mathematical balance of the biochemical phenomenon at certain mathematical level, etc. The God’s language of biochemistry has a countless number of codes and analogue codes, as well as other information content. These pictures enable us to realize the very essence of functioning of biochemical processes.

Example 1

Number of atoms
	12,15,12=39;Tyr 12,15,13=40;Tyr 12,15,15=42; X 12,15,16=43; X 164			13,16,12=41; *Arg* 13,16,13=42; *Arg* 13,16,15=44; *Arg* 13,16,16=45; *Arg* 172	16,13,12=41; Ala 16,13,13=42; Ala 16,13,15=44; Ala 16,13,16=45; Ala 172	15,12,12=39; Ile 15,12,13=40; Ile 15,12,15=42; Ile 15,12,16=43; Met 164	672
	è			ç	è	ç
			336		336
	12,13,12=37; Ser 12,13,13=38; Ser 12,13,15=40; Ser 12,13,16:41; Ser 156			15,16,12=43; Ser 15,16,13=44; Ser 15,16,15=46; *Arg* 15,16,16=47; *Arg* 180	13,12,12=37; Leu 13,12,13=38; Leu 13,12,15=40; Leu 13,12,16=41; Leu 156	16,15,12=43; Asp 16,15,13=44; Asp 16,15,15=46; Glu 16,15,16=47; Glu 180	672
	è			ç	è	ç
		336			336
	12,16,12=40; Cys 12,16,13=41; Cys 12,16,15=43; X 12,16,16=44; Trp 168			13,15,12=40; His 13,15,13=41; His 13,15,15=43; Gln 13,15,16=44: Gln 168	15,13,12=40; Thr 15,13,13=41; Thr 15,13,15=43; Thr 15,13,16=44; Thr 168	16,12,12=40; Val 16,12,13=41; Val 16,12,15=43; Val 16,12,16=44; Val 168	672
	è			ç	è	ç
		336			336
	16,16,12=44; Gly 16,16,13=45; Gly 16,16,15=47; Gly 16,16,16=48; Gly 184			12,12,12=36; Phe 12,12,13=37; Phe 12,12,15=39; Leu 12,12,16=40; Leu 152	15,15,12=42; Asn 15,15,13=43; Asn 15,15,15=45; Lys 15,15,16=46; Lys 176	13,13,12=38; Pro 13,13,13=39; Pro 13,13,15=41; Pro 13,13,16=42; Pro 160	672
	è			ç	è	ç
		336			336
	672			672	672	672

Therefore, there is and exact mathematical link between the number of atoms in triplets of nucleotides UCAG.

Example 2

The God's Genetic Even Code Matrix

G1	G3	G5	G7	G9		G13
ä	ä	ä	ä	ä	ä	ä
36	38	40	42	44	46	48
UUU	UCC	UCA	GCC	GGU	GAA	GGG
	CCU	UGU	CCG	GCA	AAG
	CUC	ACU	AAU	AGC	AGA
		GUU	AUA	GAC
		CAU	CGC	ACG
		UUG	UAA	GUG
		CUA		CAG
		AUC		CGA
		UAC		UGG
		è		ç
			1344 atoms

Example 3

The God's Genetic Odd Code Matrix

G2	G4	G6		G8	G10	G12
ä	ä	ä		ä	ä	ä
37	39	41		43	45	47
UCU	CCC	GCU		AGU	GGC	GGA
CUU	UUA	UCG		GAU	GCG	GAG
UUC	AUU	UGC		AAC	AAA	AGG
	UAU	CCA		ACA	CGG
		ACC		GUA
		GUC		CAA
		CAC		AUG
		CUG		UAG
		CGU		UGA
		è		ç
			1344 atoms

The genetic code is itself a unique structure of program, cybernetic and informational system and law.

Example 4

The God's Genetic Odd and Even Code Matrix

Number of atoms

			ODD CODE MATRIX?
37	37	37		39		43	43	43	43
39	39	39		41		43	43	43	43
41	41	41		41		43	45	45	45
41	41	41		41		45	47	47	47
î	î	ê		í		î	ê	í	í
		636					708
				î		í
					1344

			EVEN CODE MATRIX
42	42	42		44		36	38	38	38
44	44	44		44		40	40	40	40
44	44	44		44		40	40	40	40
46	46	46		48		40	42	42	42
î	î	ê		í		î	ê	í	í
		708					636
		ê		î		í	ê
					1344
		1344					1344

This God’s mathematical models help us to systemize our knowledge about digital evolution in genetics processes.

G O D’S PROJECT FOR CREATION OF THE WORLD (Part 1)

2008-06-23T10:03:00.000-07:00

G O D’S PROJECT FOR CREATION OF THE WORLD

(Part 1)

Lutvo Kurić

Independent Researcher

Bosnia and Herzegovina

72290 Novi Travnik

Kalinska 7

Tel. 061 763 917

lutvokuric@yahoo.com

General preface

“God’s Divine Plan for Creation of the World” is a work in which author seek to present his research into mathematical equations that deal with the formulas that may represent the perfect creation of the universe by the Divine.

The combination of science and spirituality is the core concept of autor’s text, and he has chosen the area of mathematics to demonstrate his findings on arithmetical of godly power. The use of algorithms and chemical elements suggests a method of finding ideas that relate to the formation of matter and substance as described in scripture, while other exercises have been arranged representations to depict the Sign of God and other details of divine personage. Author’s text displays his equations in an organized manner, and the esplanations that accompany them are geared toward a conjoining of religious belliefs and scientific realities.

Additionally, “God’s Divine Plan for Creation of the World” could be interpreted as a means of illustrating author’s belief in the ability of science to prove what may have previously been left to speculation and faith, and the attention that author give to details is designed to increase the viability of author’s text”.

May 25, 2001

Managing Director

E.H

Foreword

“Your God is One God. There is no god except He. He is the Merciful, the Most Merciful”.

(2:163)

Dear regarders! Welcome to the world of the newest scientific discoveries. You can read everything about these discoveries in our book. We'll give you a brief summary on what this book is about:

We occupy ourselves with the multi disciplinarian research of phenomena in science and religion. In our research we use some newly-discovered scientific methods the contemporary science is unaware of. These methods have proved very effective, and have thus enabled us to, with God's help, discover some of the secrets about the creation of the universe. Broader public should especially be interested in the following discoveries:

We have discovered that the sublime God created the world using His Divine program, cybernetic and information systems and laws. In fact, we have discovered that the God's project for creation of the world does exist. That project has an alphabet comprised of numerous divine and analogue codes. The sublime God uses these codes to interconnect the atoms and molecules in nature. He connects them so that it becomes obvious that our world was really created, and moreover by the Sensible Creator. We discovered these codes in the structure of chemical elements, in biochemical processes, in our genes, in Einstein's theory of relativity, velocity of light and all the other phenomena in nature. In fact, we discovered the mathematical micro and macro universe. What this mathematical universe is like, what the secrets of the God's book on the creation of the world are, can be read in this book.

Divine codes we discovered in nature testify and confirm the fact that the world was created. They testify and confirm that it was created by the Sensible Creator.

In our book you will not find philosophical observations about existence of God. You will find exact scientific evidences for existence of God, that nobody can deny. We will present you exact scientific proves that there is God's project for creation of the world. We will show concretely how does that project looks like. We will present you exact scientific proves that God really exist, that world was created, that we were created and we have our Creator.

The time has come when all humanity has to face with fact that God is truly existing, that man has got his Creator, that there is someone that guards over us all the time, who takes care about everything what we do and in front of whom we will be rendering accounts for all our deeds done in our earthly life.

Methods

Please allow me to briefly inform you about what's new in our science and why our discoveries are important for modern science. We're offering science one radically new view at the world. This is what it is about. Current science exclusively explores physical and biochemical characteristics of phenomena in the nature. Therefore, it explores only physic, chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, and other science but excludes world outside of those sciences. Unlike that science, we're offering research of the world outside of natural sciences. That's digital image of the world. What exactly is digital image of the world? Digital image of the world is an image in which physic, chemistry, biochemistry, and other natural science is converted to mathematics. Actually, we convert it to numbers. As soon as we convert to numbers we'll get digital image of the world. In that digital image, there is some very significant scientific information. Those are information in which is given explanation of that reality. That digital image of the world will enable current science to significantly advance it's scientific-research work and to develop top digital technologies in those sciences in a very short time.

Considering that these are new scientific methods and technologies which modern science meets for the first time, there is a need to explain you more about this, with some simple examples. First of all I wish to tell you how we got the idea to deal with development of those new technologies and how we discovered those new scientific methods.

GOD'S SIGN IN NATURE

“He created for you all that is in the earth, then, He willed to the heaven, and leveled them seven heavens. He has knowledge of all things”.

(2:29)

We will present you exact scientific proves that there is God's project for creation of the phenomenons in Nature. We will show concretely how does that project looks like. We have discovered that the sublime God created the phenomenons in natural science using His divine program, cybernetic and information system and laws. Input of those systems and laws are God's ciphers 19 and 7. Output is number 931. Number 931 is arithmetical expression for God’s signs in nature.

Algorithm:

Data Structure

In group of all natural numbers from X to Y there are two codes which interconnect all those numbers. Those are codes A and B.

Formula of codes A and B

{[SA(R1,2,3,n) x B] - [SB(R1,2,3,n) x A] + (AB)} = A²B;

SA, SB = Groups of AB numbers in group of all natural numbers from X to Y

R1,2,3,n = Natural numbers from X to Y;

Solution:

A = 7; B = 19;

Example 1

R = 35;

{[S7(35) x 19] - [S19(35) x 7] + (7x19)} = (7x19x7);

S7(35) = (29+30+31+32+33+34+35) = 224;

S19(35)=(17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24+25+26+27+28+29+30+31+32+33+34+35) =494;

{[(224 x 19) – (494 x 7)] + (7 x 19)} = (7 x 19 x 7);

(7 x 19 x 7) = 931;

;

931ç God’s Sign

Example 2

R = 233;

{[S7(233) x 19] - [S19(233) x 7] + (7x19)} = (7x19x7);

S7(233) = (227+228+229+230+231+232+233) = 1610;

S19(233)=(215+216+217+218+219+220+221+222+223+224+225+226+

+227+228+229+230+231+232+233) =4256;

{[(1610 x 19) – (4256 x 7)] + (7 x 19)} = (7 x 19 x 7);

(7 x 19 x 7) = 931;

931ç God’s Sign

Example 3

R = 1061;

{[S7(1061) x 19] - [S19(1061) x 7] + (7x19)} = (7x19x7);

S7(1061) = 7406;

S19(1061) = 19988;

{[(1610 x 19) – (4256 x 7)] + (7 x 19)} = (7 x 19 x 7);

(7 x 19 x 7) = 931;

931ç God’s Sign

etc.

That number, namely number 931, is the most importan factor in programmatic foundation of God's signs in nature. In fact sequencing od those signs is in the last resort reduced to creation with number 931.

Connection of God's ciphers 19 and 7.

7 and 19è 719;

19 and 7 è 197;

19 and 07 è 1907;

Etc.

God’s Sign’s in genetic

“We have created the human from a (sperm) drop, a mixture, testing him; We made him to hear and see”.

(76:2)

After many years of scientific research we have discovered some new scientific methods which enable us to comprehend the secrets of the creation of the phenomenons in genetic. We did the following: We assigned an appropriate numerical value to the atoms and molecules in genetic processes. Having done that, we tried to discover some mathematical laws in those value. And, with God's help, we succeeded in it. We discovered many codes and analogue codes which the sublime God interconnected all fragment and sequences in genetic. We discovered these codes in biochemical processes, in hromosoms, in aminoacide code matrix, nucleotide code matrix, in pepthide chain, in molecule of insuline and in our genes. In fact, we discovered the mathematical micro Cosmos in genetic. What this mathematical Cosmos is like. What the secrets of the God's book on the creation of our gene are, can be read in our book.

Digital approach to the investigation of the biochemical basis of genetic processes

The digital mechanism of nucleic acid and protein bio-syntheses, the evolution of biomacromolecules and, especially, the biochemical evolution of genetic language, have been analyzed by the application of God’s cybernetic methods, information theory and system theory, respectively. This paper is to report that we discovered new methods for development of the new technologies in genetics. It is about the most advanced digital technology which is based on God’s program, cybernetics and informational systems and laws. The results in practical application of the new technology could be useful in bioinformatics, genetics, bio-chemistry, medicine and other natural sciences.

Scientists of new genetics and other natural sciences have been asking the same question over again – Is there a biochemical language for which we can use the theory of systems and cybernetics to describe the process of sequencing in bio-molecular genetics conditional and specified; not just with the biochemical but with the cybernetic and informational lawfulness? With the goal to find the answers on some of those questions, we have made a decision to do a research on, if in the genetics exist one unique God’s mathematical array and one mathematical lawfulness which could be valid for all phenomena in this science. That is why we did the following: phenomena from this science were designated with specific numeric validity, such as: number of atoms in those sequences, number of molecules, number of atom elements, atomic numbers, etc. We have tried to discover God’s mathematical lawfulness in sequences of mentioned phenomena, and we were successful in doing that. We have discovered that sequences of all molecules in genetics are connected, not only just according to their bio-chemical characteristics, but also according to the God’s program lawfulness, cybernetic lawfulness, and informational lawfulness. In the formula of creation of this science we have often encountered the following problems: lawfulness of groups of numbers, analog codes and their relation, even-odd correlation of corresponding and complementary sequences, symmetry of sequences, and many others. A radical new vision in science may be developed from those which are only “letters” of mathematical language in genetics. Here we wish to present our points of views about the program-cybernetics lawfulness in genetics.

Mathematical evolution

General model of God’s mathematical evolution describe some informational and cybernetic aspect of mathematical evolution of genetic sequences (DNA, RNA or Amino Acids). There are two types of models: deterministic and stochastic Deterministic models are based on the arithmetical expression for genetics sequences, (number of atoms, atomic numbers, groups of numbers, atomic weight, etc.). The stochastic models describe correelation among the biochemical and digital language in genetics processes. Digital image where genetics sequences. (DNA, RNA or amino acids) is represented is in the form of numbers. At the first stage of our research we replaced codons UCAG and Amino Acids with numbers of the atoms in those genetics materials. By this way we got digital image of Codons Code matrix and Amino Acids Code matrix. Then we mathematically analyzed those digital images of those Code Matrix. After we making such analysis, we discovered existence of God’s digital codes in those Matrix, which interconnect all codons UCAG, Amino Acids and other sequences in genetics.

God’s mathematical models of molecular-genetic systems origin have been constructed in connection with the arithmetical expression for genetics sequences UCAG and amino acids.

Results of research

“With Him are the keys of the unseen, none knows them but He. He knows that which is in the land and sea. No leaf falls except He knows it, and there is no grain in the darkness of the earth, fresh or withered, but is recorded in a clear Book”.

(6:59)

THE TIME HAS COME WHEN ALL HUMANITY HAS TO FACE WITH FACT THAT MAN HAS GOT HIS CREATOR

Results of our research show that the processes of sequencing the molecules are conditioned and arranged not only with chemical and biochemical, but also with God’s program, cybernetic and informational lawfulness too. At the first stage of our research we replaced nucleotides from the Amino Acid Code Matrix with numbers of the atoms in those nucleotides.

U = 12 atoms; C = 13 atoms; A = 15 atoms; G = 16 atoms

Digital Genetic Code¹

Mathematical position of the nucleotides in codon

Number of atoms

12,15,12=39;Tyr
12,15,13=40;Tyr
12,15,15=42; X 12,15,16=43; X

164

13,16,12=41; Arg
13,16,13=42; Arg
13,16,15=44; Arg
13,16,16=45; Arg

172

16,13,12=41; Ala
16,13,13=42; Ala
16,13,15=44; Ala
16,13,16=45; Ala

172

15,12,12=39; Ile
15,12,13=40; Ile
15,12,15=42; Ile
15,12,16=43; Met

164

672

12,13,12=37; Ser
12,13,13=38; Ser
12,13,15=40; Ser
12,13,16:41; Ser

156

15,16,12=43; Ser
15,16,13=44; Ser
15,16,15=46; Arg
15,16,16=47; Arg

180

13,12,12=37; Leu
13,12,13=38; Leu
13,12,15=40; Leu
13,12,16=41; Leu

156

16,15,12=43; Asp
16,15,13=44; Asp
16,15,15=46; Glu
16,15,16=47; Glu

180

672

12,16,12=40; Cys
12,16,13=41; Cys
12,16,15=43; X
12,16,16=44; Trp

168

13,15,12=40; His
13,15,13=41; His
13,15,15=43; Gln
13,15,16=44: Gln

168

15,13,12=40; Thr
15,13,13=41; Thr
15,13,15=43; Thr
15,13,16=44; Thr

168

16,12,12=40; Val
16,12,13=41; Val
16,12,15=43; Val
16,12,16=44; Val

168

672

16,16,12=44; Gly
16,16,13=45; Gly
16,16,15=47; Gly
16,16,16=48; Gly

184

12,12,12=36; Phe
12,12,13=37; Phe
12,12,15=39; Leu
12,12,16=40; Leu

152

15,15,12=42; Asn
15,15,13=43; Asn
15,15,15=45; Lys
15,15,16=46; Lys

176

13,13,12=38; Pro
13,13,13=39; Pro
13,13,15=41; Pro
13,13,16=42; Pro

160

672

In this example we discovered that the God’s mathematical balance in the distribution of atoms in the genetic code is achieved.

1) L.Kurić (2007) The digital language of amino acids, Amino Acids, January 25, 2007.

Causes and consequences of seasonal dynamics in the parasite community of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens)

2008-05-27T13:13:00.000-07:00

Recent implications of parasites as agents of worldwide amphibian decline make determining the drivers of parasitic infection in amphibians a priority for ecological research. Despite the apparently seasonal nature of these outbreaks, seasonal dynamics remain largely ignored in recent studies of amphibian parasites. In this thesis, I present results of field studies describing seasonal patterns for multiple parasitic infections and testing between potential drivers of parasite infection risk using red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) as a model species. Most newt parasites had seasonal dynamics, with significantly more parasite species having peak infection rates during the early and late spring than in other seasons. These similar seasonal patterns appear to have been driven by multiple different factors, many of which may have been driven in turn by bottom-up effects of the spring bloom in pond productivity.

Seasonal patterns in white blood cell counts indicated that amphibian immunity has similar responses to temperature in the field as have been recorded in laboratory studies. Moreover, both temperature increases and decreases were associated with low levels of immunity relative to temperature, indicating a negative effect of temperature variability on amphibian immunity. This pattern is probably due to a lag in production of immune cells following temperature increases in spring, and to a lag in seasonal acclimation to winter temperatures causing low immune cell production rates in autumn.

The last three chapters focus on the ecology of Ichthyophonus sp., a protist parasite of newts which has caused mass morbidity events in North America. Based on data from the seasonal survey, an additional survey of sixteen populations, and a capture-mark-recapture study, several lines of evidence suggest that the amphibian leech Placobdella picta is the vector of Ichthyophonus sp. infection in newts. There was little indication of mortality due to infection despite high apparent morbidity, but Ichthyophonus sp. infection did appear to cause males to stop breeding earlier in the spring and to induce temporary emigration in female and possibly male newts. These results suggest that parasites may influence the the newt life history strategy by driving newts onto land during the summer.

Link to pdf

The Digital Genetic Codes

2008-05-25T10:19:00.000-07:00

The Digital Genetic Codes

Lutvo Kurić

Independent Researcher

Bosnia and Herzegovina

72290 Novi Travnik

Kalinska 7

Tel. 061 763 917

lutvokuric@yahoo.com

*abstract

Motivation: Many important problems in cell biology require the dense nonlinear interactions between functional modules to be considered. The importance of computer simulation in understanding cellular processes is now widely accepted, and a variety of simulations algorithms useful for studying certain subsystems have been designed. Genetic algorithms try to model digital evolution by genetic processes. The digital genetic code is stored in DNA molecules as sequences of bases: adenine (A), which pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) which pairs with guanine (G). The analog of DNA in a digital genetic algorithm is a numbers of atoms, atomic numbers, analog code, etc.

1.introduction

At mathematical evolution of genetic processes, nucleotides at are being transformed to codons UCAG and later to amino acids and various organic composition. That transformacion has it's mathematical language which contains mathematical description of all genetic processes. This is how the way of transformation of nucleotides ATCG to codons UCAG is writen in that mathematical language.In this text we will give experimental proof that the mathematical evolution of sequence in genetics does exist. We will prove that the process of sequencing of molecules in genetics is conditioned and determined not only by biochemical, but by programme, cybernetic, and informational laws.

2.metods

Digital image of the ATCG

First we made a digital image of the ATCG nucleotide and discovered that there are 59 atoms:

A = 15 atoms; T = 15 atoms; C = 13 atoms; G = 16 atoms;

ATCG = (15 + 15 + 13 + 16) = 59;

Digital image of the AUCG

A = 15 atoms; U = 12 atoms; C = 13 atoms; G = 16 atoms;

UCAG = (15 + 15 + 13 + 16) = 56;

The Standard Code (transl_table=1)

By default all transl_table in GenBank flatfiles are equal to id 1, and this is not shown. When transl_table is not equal to id 1, it is shown as a qualifier on the CDS feature.

    AAs  = FFLLSSSSYY**CC*WLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

  Starts = ---M---------------M---------------M----------------------------

  Base1  = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

  Base2  = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

  Base3  = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

The Digital Standard Code (transl_table=1)

By default all transl_table in GenBank flatfiles are equal to id 1, and this is not shown. When transl_table is not equal to id 1, it is shown as a qualifier on the CDS feature.

    AAs  = FFLLSSSSYY**CC*WLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

ê

23,23,22,22,14,14,14,14,24,24,××14,14,×27,22,22,22,22,17,17,17,1720,20,20,20,26,26,26,26,22,22,22,20,22,17,17,17,17,17,24,24,14,14,26,26,19,1919,19,13,13,13,13,16,16,19,19,10,10,10,10 = 1148 atoms;

AmAt = 1148;

Nucleotides UCAG

Base 1 =

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

ê

12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,1313,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,1516,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16 = 896 atoms;

AT1 =896;

Base 2

UUUUCCCCAAAAGGGGUUUUCCCCAAAAGGGGUUUUCCCCAAAAGGGGUUUUCCCCAAAAGGGG

ê

12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,16,12,12,12,12,13,13,13   13,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,16,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,16,16,1616,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,16 = 896 atoms;

AT2 =896;

Base 3

UCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAGUCAG

ê

12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16,12,13,15,16 = 896 atoms;

AT3 =896;

First we made a digital image of the ATCG nucleotide and discovered that there are 59 atoms:

A = 15 atoms; T = 15 atoms; C = 13 atoms; G = 16 atoms;

(15+15+13+16) = 59;

3.results

Nucleotides UCAG

Base 1	Base 2	Base 3
ê	ê	ê
896 atoms	896 atoms	896 atoms
î	ê	í
	2688 atoms

AT = (896+896+896) = 2 688;

AT = The number of atoms in digital image AUCG.

Nucleotides ATCG

Base1  = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

ê

15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,1313,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,1516,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16, = 944 atoms;

At1 =944;

Base2  = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

ê

15,15,15,15,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,16,15,15,15,15,13,13,13,1315,15,15,15,16,16,16,16,15,15,15,15,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,1615,15,15,15,13,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,16 = 944 atoms;

At2 =944;

Base3  = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

ê

15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,1513,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,13,15,16,15,1315,16,15,13,15,16 = 944 atoms;

At3 =944;

Base 1	Base 2	Base 3
ê	ê	ê
944 atoms	944 atoms	944 atoms
î	ê	í
	2832 atoms

At = (944+944+944) = 2832;

At = The number of atoms in digital image ATCG.

We have discovered the mathematical balance in distribution of atoms in Digital Format for Aligned nucleotides is achieved.

3.1.Data Structure This is Heading 2 style

Groups of nucleotides ATCG and UCAG have evolved to amino acids on following way:

(At1,2,3,n : ATCG) = (AT1,2,3,n : UCAG)

(AT1,2,3,n x UCAG) = (ATCG x AT1,2,3,n)

Example 1

At1 = 944; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59; AT1 = 896;

At1 : ATCG = AT1 : UCAG

(At1 x UCAG) = (ATCG x AT1)

(944 x 56) = (59 x 896);

52864 = 52864;

Example 2

Base 1 - ATCG (5-53)

TTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGG

15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,1313,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,16,16,16, 16,16 = 708 atoms;

Atn =708;

Base 1 – UCAG (5-53)

UUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGG

ê

12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,1313,13,13,13,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,16,16,16,1616= 672 atoms;

ATn = 672;

Atn = 708; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59; ATn = 896;

Atn : ATCG = ATn : UCAG

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x AT1)

(708 x 56) = (59 x 672);

39 648 = 39 648;

Example 3

Base 2 (1-16)

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

Atn = 236; ATn = 224; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(236x56) = (59x224);

Example 4

Base 2 (1-32)

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

Atn = 472; ATn = 448; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(472x56) = (59x448);

Example 5

Base 2 (1-48)

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

Atn = 708; ATn = 672; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(708x56) = (59x672);

Example 6

Base 2 (3-18)

T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	T	T
15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	15	15
U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	U	U
12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	12	12

Atn = 236; ATn = 224; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(236 x 56) = (59 x 224);

39 648 = 39 648;

Example 7

Base 3 (1-4)

T	C	A	G
15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16

Atn = 59; ATn = 56; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(59x56) = (59x56);

Example 8

Base 3 (1-8)

T	C	A	G	T	C	A	G
15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16

Atn = 118; ATn = 112; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(118x56) = (59x112);

Example 9

Base 3 (1-12)

T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T
15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16

Atn = 177; ATn = 168; UCAG = 56; ATCG = 59;

(Atn x UCAG) = (ATCG x ATn)

(177x56) = (59x168);

etc.

In these formulas are determined macro proportions of mathematical evolution of nucleotides in genetic processes.

acknowledgements

Results of our research show that the processes of sequencing in genetic conditioned and arranged not only with chemical and biochemical, but also with program, cybernetic and informational lawfulness too. This discovery, according to our opinion, will have great impact on the future development of genetics, medicine, biology and biochemistry. Now, it is going to be possible to use completely new strategy of research in these sciences. However, observation of all these relation which are the outcome of the periodic law (actually, of the law of binary coding) is necessary, because it can be of great importance for decoding conformational forms and stereo-chemical and digital structure of proteins.

References

[1] L.Kurić (2007) The digital language of amino acids, Amino Acids, January 25, 2007.

[2] Kurić Lutvo, Mesure complexe des caracteristiques dynamiques de series

temporelles “Journal de la Societe de statistique de Paris”- tome 127, No 2.1986

[2] K. C. Chou, Prediction of protein cellular attributes using pseudo amino acid composition, PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics (Erratum: ibid., 2001, Vol.44, 60) 43 (2001) 246-255.

[3] X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, Y. Huang, K. C. Chou, Using complexity measure factor to predict protein subcellular location, Amino Acids 28 (2005) 57-61.

[4] X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, X. Chen, K. C. Chou, Using cellular automata to generate Image representation for biological sequences, Amino Acids 28 (2005) 29-35.

[5] X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, X. Chen, K. C. Chou, An Application of Gene Comparative Image for Predicting the Effect on Replication Ratio by HBV Virus Gene Missense Mutation, Journal of Theoretical Biology 235 (2005) 555-565.

[6] X. Xiao, S. H. Shao, Z. D. Huang, K. C. Chou, Using pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein structural classes: approached with complexity measure factor, Journal of Computational Chemistry 27 (2006) 478-482.

[7] X. Xiao, S. H. Shao, Y. S. Ding, Z. D. Huang, K. C. Chou, Using cellular automata images and pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein sub-cellular location, Amino Acids 30 (2006) 49-54.

[8] K. C. Chou, Using amphiphilic pseudo amino acid composition to predict enzyme subfamily classes, Bioinformatics 21 (2005) 10-19.

[9] K. C. Chou, Y. D. Cai, Prediction of membrane protein types by incorporating amphipathic effects, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 45 (2005) 407-413.

[10] Z. P. Feng, Prediction of the subcellular location of prokaryotic proteins based on a new representation of the amino acid composition, Biopolymers 58 (2001) 491-499.

[11] Z. P. Feng, An overview on predicting the subcellular location of a protein, In Silico Biol 2 (2002) 291-303.

[12] M. Wang, J. Yang, Z. J. Xu, K. C. Chou, SLLE for predicting membrane protein types, Journal of Theoretical Biology 232 (2005) 7-15.

[13] S. Q. Wang, J. Yang, K. C. Chou, Using stacked generalization to predict membrane protein types based on pseudo amino acid composition, Journal of Theoretical Biology, in press (2006) doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.1005.1006.

[14] M. Wang, J. Yang, G. P. Liu, Z. J. Xu, K. C. Chou, Weighted-support vector machines for predicting membrane protein types based on pseudo amino acid composition, Protein Engineering, Design, and Selection 17 (2004) 509-516.

[15] S. W. Zhang, Q. Pan, H. C. Zhang, Z. C. Shao, J. Y. Shi, Prediction protein homo-oligomer types by pseudo amino acid composition: Approached with an improved feature extraction and naive Bayes feature fusion, Amino Acids 30 (2006) 461-468.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed.

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	T	T
15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	15	15
U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	U	U
12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	12	12

T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T
15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	T	T
15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	15	15
U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	U	U
12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	12	12

T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T
15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
15	15	15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16
U	U	U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G
12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16

T	T	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	T	T
15	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	15	15
U	U	C	C	C	C	A	A	A	A	G	G	G	G	U	U
12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	12	12

T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T	T
15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16	15	13	15	16
U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G	U	C	A	G
12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16	12	13	15	16